| Parameter | Purpose of Test | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Chlorine, Free | Control disinfection processes using hypochlorite ion and hypochlorous acid (free chlorine). |
8021 10231 |
|
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand |
Used as a surrogate for BOD, and for effluent reporting when allowed by discharge permit. Provides a measure of organic "food" available to biological treatment steps and an estimate of the effect of the plant effluent on the receiving body. Can be correlated to BOD on a plant-by-plant basis, if influent characteristics are constant. Paper mills may prefer mercury-free formulations. |
8000 10067 |
| Phosphate, Reactive HR | Can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems. Also used as a boiler treatment, to precipitate calcium and avoid calcium sulfate scale formation on surfaces. |
8178 8114 |
| Silica, ULR/LR | Control silica in boiler feedwaters (Allowable silica concentration is inversely proportional to boiler operating pressure.) Can cause scaling in boilers and cooling systems, as well as deposition on generator turbine blades. |
8186 8282 |
| Hardness, LR/ULR | Assure that demineralizer systems are producing ultrapure feedwater, to avoid scaling in boiler systems. |
8030 8374 |
| Oxygen Scavengers | Organic compounds used to eliminate traces of oxygen in high pressure boiler feedwaters (includes carbohydrazide, diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA), hydroquinone, isoascorbic acid, methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKOR), and others). | 8140 |
| Silica, HR | Control silica in boiler feedwaters (Allowable silica concentration is inversely proportional to boiler operating pressure.) Can cause scaling in boilers and cooling systems, as well as deposition on generator turbine blades. | 8185 |
| Phosphate, Reactive LR | Can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling systems. Also used as a boiler treatment, to precipitate calcium and avoid calcium sulfate scale formation on surfaces. |
8114 8178 10214 |
| Iron | Can cause deposits in water lines, boilers, etc. Can interfere with industrial processes. May indicate corrosion. |
8008 8147 8112 10229 |
| Molybdenum, HR | Anodic corrosion inhibitor for cooling systems. High cost is causing reduced usage and/or lower concentrations. | 8036 |
| Chlorine, Total | Control cooling system microbial control processes using halogen-based biocides. Total chlorine is the sum of free chlorine (hypochlorite ion/hypochlorous acid) and combined chlorine (chloramines). May also be used to monitor effluent disinfection processes and to protect RO / membrane-based filtration systems. |
8167 10070 10232 |
| Aluminum | Monitor residual coagulant from purification processes; alum (aluminum sulfate) is a common coagulant. Can cause deposits in cooling systems and contribute to boiler scale. |
8012 8326 10215 |
紙漿與造紙工業用水 Industrial Water - Pulp & Paper
Most Frequently Asked Questions
Also Consider
| Parameter | Purpose of Test | Method |
|---|---|---|
| Alkalinity | Control foaming/carryover and steel embrittlement in boilers, prevent corrosion in condensate lines, scaling in cooling systems. Allowable levels are inversely proportional to boiler operating pressure. Also used to monitor product processes. |
8203 8221 |
| Copper | Monitor/control corrosion of copper-based alloys. Biocidal properties may be utilized in open cooling systems. |
8506 10238 |
| Sulfite | Control concentration of sulfite-based oxygen scavengers (generally in low pressure boilers). |
8071 8216 |